We may also want to quickly view the first or last n number of lines of a file. There are a few more features, all of which are described by pressing h to open the help. From here, we can use the arrow keys (or j/k if you’re familiar with Vim) to move through the file, use / to search, and press q to quit. We pass it the filename ( less file.txt), and it will open the file in a simple interface. We could use an editor, although that may be overkill just to view a file. This can be inconvenient when dealing with large files (which isn’t uncommon for logs!). You simply pass in the filename, and it outputs the entire contents of the file: cat file.txt. The most basic way to view files from the command line is using the cat command. The following commands will be useful when working with log files from the command line. This is especially useful when you’re remotely connected to a server and don’t have a GUI. It is also important to know how to view logs in the command line. Viewing and monitoring logs from the command line If you wish to learn more about the GNOME System Log Viewer, you may visit the official documentation. There is also a magnifying glass icon to the right of the cog that allows you to search within the currently selected log file. When a log that is not currently selected is updated, it’s name in the file list will turn bold (as shown by auth.log in the screenshot above).Ĭlicking on the cog at the top right of the window will open a menu allowing you to change some display settings, as well as open and close log files. The bold text (as seen in the screenshot above) indicates new lines that have been logged after opening the file. The log viewer not only displays but also monitors log files for changes. The sidebar on the left shows a list of open log files, with the contents of the currently selected file displayed on the right. GNOME System Log Viewer Interface 856×450 112 KB Otherwise, it will be under the name System Log. If you’re running Ubuntu 17.10 or above, it will be called Logs. The GNOME System Log Viewer provides a simple GUI for viewing and monitoring log files. Viewing logs using GNOME System Log Viewer You can search the web for more locations relevant to what you’re trying to debug. To view currently logged in users, use the who command. Login records logĬontains login info used by other utilities to find out who’s logged in. You can view it with the lastlog command. Last logins logĬontains info about last logins. You can view it with the faillog command. Login failures logĬontains info about login failures. Some were made to be parsed by applications. Not all log files are designed to be read by humans. The next display (display 1) would log to Xorg.1.log, and so on. Display numbers start at zero, so your first display (display 0) will log to Xorg.0.log. The X11 server creates a seperate log file for each of your displays. error.log records all errors thrown by the server. The access.log file records all requests made to the server to access files. Location: /var/log/apache2/ (subdirectory)Īpache creates several log files in the /var/log/apache2/ subdirectory. Some applications also create logs in /var/log. If you can’t find anything in the other logs, it’s probably here. Kernel logĬontains more information about your system. Provides debugging information from the Ubuntu system and applications. For example, display server, SSH sessions, printing services, bluetooth, and more. Daemon Logĭaemons are programs that run in the background, usually without user interaction. Keeps track of authorization systems, such as password prompts, the sudo command and remote logins. These logs may contain information about authorizations, system daemons and system messages. System logs deal with exactly that - the Ubuntu system - as opposed to extra applications added by the user. Below is a list of common log file locations. When trying to find a log about something, you should start by identifying the most relevant file. There are many different log files that all serve different purposes.
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